The History of Austria covers its predecessor states from the early Stone Age to the present day. The name Ostarr chi (Austria) has been in use since AD 996, when it was a fringe of the Duchy of Bavaria and from 1156 an independent duchy of the Holy Roman Empire of the German nation. From 1273 to 1918 Austria dominated the House of Habsburg and the House of Habsburg-Lorraine. In AD 1808, when Emperor Francis II of Austria defeated the Holy Roman Empire, Austria became the Empire and was part of the German Confederation until the Austro-Prussian War of 1866.
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In 1867, Austria formed a dual monarchy with Hungary: the Austro-Hungarian Empire from 1867 to 1918. When the empire collapsed after the end of World War I in 1918, Austria was reduced to the main, linguistic regions of the empire and adopted the name The Republic of German-Austria. However, union with Germany and the name of the chosen country was prohibited by the Allies in the Treaty of Versailles. It created the First Austrian Republic, which was from 1918 to 1933.
After the First Republic, Austrofascism tried to keep Austria independent of the German Reich. Engelbert Dolfuss acknowledged that most Austrians were Germans and Austrians, but wanted Austria to remain independent of Germany. In 1938, Austrian-born Adolf Hitler, along with the Anschluss, annexed Austria to the German Reich, which was supported by a large majority of Austrians. Ten years after World War II, Austria again became the Second Austrian Republic in 1955. After that in 1995, Austria joined the European Union.
Formerly ruled by the rulers of Austria. Also, should Austrian history include the period from 1938 to 1945, when it was nominally non-existent? Now parts of the Second Republic of Austria, many were annexed over time – only two of the nine provinces or Bundeslenders are strictly ‘Austria’, while other parts of its former sovereign territory are now part of Italy, like other countries. , Croatia, Slovenia and Czechia. Within Austria, there are regional and temporal variations for the surrounding countries.
Austria Geography
The modern state of Austria is considered to be three geographical regions. The Alps are the largest, covering 62.8% of the country’s land area. To the north, across the Danube, is the Austrian part of the Bohemian Massif, called the “Bohmerwald” or Bohemian Forest, a relatively low mountain range of granite that makes up another 10% of the Austrian land area. The remainder of the country is the Pannonian lowlands bordering Hungary (11.3%) and the Vienna Basin (4.4 km).
The Bohemian Massif and its foothills were formed in the Variscan orogeny of the Late Paleozoic era. Another important element of Austrian geology and geography in the late Mesozoic Alpine orogeny, and the formation of the Paratethys Ocean and the Molasses Basin in the later Cretaceous era.
The extensive alpine regions are sparsely populated and form a barrier to the passage of people apart from the strategic pass providing access to Italy. Austria lies between the Eastern European countries and Central-Western Europe, a place that has dictated much of its history. The Danube Valley has always been an important corridor from the west to the Balkans and the Orient.
